The Conti ransomware group, notorious for its aggressive tactics and large-scale attacks, operates with a sophisticated structure resembling a legitimate high-tech company. Understanding their daily operations is crucial for effective defense.
Recruitment and Structure
Conti recruits skilled individuals for various roles, including operators, negotiators, and developers. Like a standard company, they have distinct management, finance, and HR functions. This structured approach allows for efficient execution of their attacks.
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) Model
Conti utilizes the RaaS model, developing malware in-house and selling it to affiliates. These affiliates carry out attacks and share a portion of the ransom payout with Conti. This business model maximizes reach and profitability.
Daily Operations
- Initial Access⁚ Conti gains access through various means, including stolen RDP credentials, phishing emails with malicious attachments (e.g., Excel sheets with macros), and exploiting vulnerabilities in unpatched software.
- Execution⁚ They employ techniques to evade antivirus software, such as using a less aggressive payload initially. Tools like Router Scan are used to scan for and brute-force vulnerable devices;
- Persistence and Privilege Escalation⁚ Conti maintains persistence by exploiting legitimate remote management software. They leverage tools like Mimikatz to steal credentials and escalate privileges within the victim’s network.
- Lateral Movement⁚ They move laterally within the network using exploits and stolen credentials, often employing TrickBot malware for post-exploitation tasks.
- Data Exfiltration and Extortion⁚ Conti uses tools like Rclone to exfiltrate sensitive data. They then employ a double extortion tactic, demanding ransom for the return of data and threatening public release if unpaid.
Target Selection
Conti has historically targeted critical infrastructure, including the Defense Industrial Base and healthcare sectors. This focus makes their attacks particularly devastating.
Mitigation and Response
Defending against Conti requires a multi-layered approach, including⁚
- Requiring multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Implementing network segmentation
- Keeping operating systems and software up-to-date
- Regular security awareness training for employees
In the event of an attack, it’s crucial to isolate affected systems, preserve evidence, and report the incident to relevant authorities. While paying the ransom is discouraged, each organization must weigh the potential costs and benefits.
Conti’s sophisticated operations, structured approach, and focus on high-value targets make them a significant threat. Understanding their tactics and implementing robust security measures are essential for mitigating the risk posed by this dangerous ransomware gang.